Vaginal yeast infection – causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention
Vaginal yeast infection is a very common reason for visiting a gynecologist. Unpleasant burning and itching are just some of the symptoms that drive women to seek medical help. Fortunately, these ailments can be resolved relatively quickly with the right treatment.
Vaginal yeast infection medication – what is it?
Vaginal yeast infection is caused by yeast-like fungi, most commonly Candida albicans. This condition, also known as candidiasis, is one of the most common infections of the intimate area. It is estimated that up to 75% of women experience at least one episode of vaginal and vulvar candidiasis in their lifetime.
The symptoms are hard to ignore – they’re particularly unpleasant and irritating, including:
Persistent itching and burning around the intimate area
Unpleasant vaginal odor
Increased yellowish-white discharge, often with a cottage cheese-like texture
As soon as symptoms appear, it’s worth visiting a gynecologist. An experienced doctor will know how to treat the infection effectively. Early treatment shortens the duration of symptoms.
Unfortunately, vaginal yeast infections often recur. A recurrent infection is defined as one that returns at least four times a year, even after proper treatment and symptom relief.
What causes a vaginal yeast infection?
Infections can be triggered by factors such as:
Long-term or frequent antibiotic use
Steroid medications
Pregnancy
Diabetes
Weakened immune system
Yeast overgrowth in the intestines or rectum
Environmental factors also play a role. Vaginal candidiasis can be transmitted through sexual contact, especially with frequent partner changes. Infected men often do not show symptoms but can still transmit the infection.
You can also catch it in places like swimming pools or public toilets. Wearing synthetic underwear made of polyester significantly increases the risk, as do sanitary pads that don’t allow proper air circulation.
Yeast infections and pregnancy
Candidiasis can be especially dangerous during pregnancy. Hormonal changes, lower immunity, and altered vaginal flora make pregnant women more vulnerable. If symptoms appear, treatment must be started promptly after consulting a doctor. Untreated infections can lead to serious complications, such as premature rupture of membranes.
Definition and symptoms
A vaginal yeast infection is a fungal infection that affects many women worldwide. It’s caused by Candida species, mainly Candida albicans. Symptoms include:
Persistent itching and burning
Pain during urination and intercourse
Yellowish-white discharge with a cottage cheese texture
Symptoms may vary from woman to woman, so it’s important to consult a doctor if you notice anything unusual.
Causes and risk factors
The main cause is usually a change in vaginal pH, often due to hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy or menopause). Antibiotic use, diabetes, weakened immunity, poor diet, stress, and wearing tight synthetic underwear can also contribute. Good hygiene and proper clothing are key preventive measures.
How is a vaginal yeast infection treated?
Treating candidiasis is usually quick and effective when properly diagnosed. The treatment typically has two stages:
Active treatment – to fight the fungal infection. Doctors may prescribe:
Oral antifungals (e.g., fluconazole, itraconazole)
Vaginal antifungal medications (e.g., suppositories or creams)
Combination therapy (oral + local) depending on the case
In sexually active women, the partner may also need treatment
Prevention – to avoid recurrences. After successful treatment, prolonged use of local antifungals like clotrimazole (4–12 months) or oral fluconazole twice weekly may be recommended.
Role of probiotics
Probiotics may help prevent recurrent yeast infections. The right probiotic strain should:
Colonize the vagina
Resist specific antibiotics
Inhibit pathogens
Support mucosal healing
Yeast infection treatment during pregnancy
Treatment during pregnancy requires caution. In the first trimester, nystatin is commonly used. Later, some azole derivatives like clotrimazole are considered safe. Local antifungal treatments are preferred due to minimal risk to the fetus.
However, topical treatments (creams, ointments, suppositories) don’t eliminate fungi residing in the gastrointestinal tract, which may cause reinfection.
Who to see for vaginal yeast infection?
Always consult a gynecologist for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Misuse of antifungals can lead to resistance, making future infections harder to treat. If a gynecologist isn’t immediately available, a primary care doctor or internist can prescribe medication—but follow-up with a gynecologist is still advised.
Prescription antifungal medications
During a consultation, a doctor may prescribe:
Vaginal creams or ointments:
Pimafucin
Clotrimazolum GSK
Gynazol
Nystatyna VP
Izovag
Vaginal suppositories: helpful in rebuilding bacterial flora
Oral antifungals:
Itrax
Flucofast
These are highly effective and commonly used.
How to use vaginal antifungal medications?
Ointments: Apply a thin layer to clean, dry skin. Typically used 1–3 times daily as directed.
Creams: Often come with applicators for easy and accurate use.
Suppositories: Wash hands before insertion. Insert deeply using your ring finger. Avoid injuries from long nails.
Treatment should be continued even after symptoms disappear to prevent recurrence.
Over-the-counter yeast infection treatments
When a doctor’s visit isn’t possible, consult a pharmacist about OTC options, such as:
Clotidal
Gynoxin Optima
Pirolam Intima Vag
Clotrimazolum Aflofarm
Clotrimazolum Hasco
These are suitable for mild or early-stage infections. Always read the leaflet and follow dosage instructions. If symptoms persist or worsen, see a doctor.
Prevention and hygiene
Preventive steps include:
Gentle, pH-neutral intimate hygiene
Avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use
Limiting alcohol and nicotine
Wearing breathable, cotton underwear
Considering vaginal probiotics
Avoiding sexual contact with an infected partner
A healthy lifestyle and diet also lower the risk.
Complications of untreated yeast infections
Left untreated, vaginal candidiasis may lead to:
Bladder or urethral infections
Infertility or pregnancy complications
Spread to other reproductive organs (cervix, fallopian tubes)
This makes treatment more difficult and painful. Always act quickly at the first sign of symptoms, and attend regular gynecological checkups.